作物学学科简介
石河子大学作物学学科（专业）是于1959年原石河子农学院成立之初组建最早的学科之一，所培养的大批作物学（农学）本、专科毕业生遍布全国，尤其在西北地区农业生产中发挥了重要作用。作物学有两个二级学科，为作物栽培学与耕作学、作物遗传育种学，相继于1985年、1986年开始招收硕士研究生，2004年、2007年开始招收博士研究生。作物栽培学与耕作于1992年被评为自治区10个重点学科之一，1999年被评为农业部重点学科；作物遗传育种学于2000年被评为校级重点学科；2003年作物学一级学科被评为自治区重点学科，2005年中期检查被评为自治区6个A类学科之一，2008年顺利通过自治区教育厅组织的专家组验收。2007年作物学教学团队进入首批100个国家级教学团队建设，并获批作物学博士后流动站。本学科共有教师40人，拥有博士学位教师占91%。其中教授20人，副教授13人，讲师7人，研究生导师33人，博士生导师12名，目前，学科队伍的学历层次稳步提高，职称结构进一步优化，年龄结构更趋合理，学缘结构得到改善，基本建成了一支政治素质好、业务水平高、学术思想活跃、学风严谨、团结合作的师资队伍。
学科针对新疆干旱区绿洲农业特点，围绕兵团规模化生产、灌溉农业的技术需求，形成了绿洲作物高产高效栽培理论与技术、数字农业与精准农业技术、绿洲农业生态与农作制度、作物种质创新与优质高产育种、植物重要功能基因研究与利用等5个特色鲜明的研究方向。近5年来，学科共获各类科技项目立项80项，资助经费5447.6万元，获省级科技进步奖23项。本学科人员参与完成的棉花高产栽培项目获国家科技进步二等奖（集体奖，石河子大学排第三）。发表论文300多篇，其中被SCI收录论文79篇，EI收录论文21篇；获得授权国家发明专利10余项，审定新品种3个；出版学术专著7部。
以本学科为主体的“新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室”为省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地，可供科研及研究生用实验室面积3000平方米，仪器设备500余台件，总值近4000万元，可开展高水平科研工作。目前，本学科在校研究生135名，已培养博士、培养硕士研究生200多名。近5年，学科毕业研究生学位论文获新疆维吾尔自治区优秀博士论文3篇，优秀硕士论文5篇；2012年获全国优秀博士学位论文提名论文，实现我校在全国优秀博士学位论文评选中的重大突破。同时，学科采取与国内外重点高校进行联合培养，切实提高研究生培养质量。经过多年的努力，完成了与国外知名高校和科研单位联合培养研究生的机制及创新人才培养模式，分年度选派3名优秀博士研究生到澳大利亚国立大学、CSIRO等进行联合培养，在研究生创新能力及整体素质提高方面做了有意义的探索，取得了显著成效。多年来，学科立足新疆生产建设兵团，服务新疆，面向全国，辐射中亚干旱区，不仅为国家培养了大量高级农业技术人才，解决了兵团及新疆农业人才匮乏的局面，而且为屯垦戍边、稳定边疆和繁荣地方经济做出了重要贡献。
A BriefIntroductionofCropScience
In Shihezi University, the major of crop science is one of the earliest disciplines established in 1959, when the university was known as Shihezi Agricultural School as it was first founded. It cultivated a large number of excellent crops graduates across the country, and they have played an important role in agricultural production in the northwest region.
As a first level discipline, crop science consists of two secondary disciplines: one is the crop cultivation and farming, and the other crop genetic breeding, which respectively began to recruit postgraduates in 1985 and in 1986, and successively began to recruit PhD students in 2004 and in 2007. Crop cultivation and farming was rated as one of ten key subjects in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in 1992, and was named as a key discipline by the Ministry of Agriculture in 1999; while crop genetic breeding was named as a key discipline in the university in 2000. The first level discipline, crop science, was evaluated as a key discipline in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in 2003; and gained experts group’s acceptance, thus being chosen as one of the 6 class-A disciplines in the in-process inspection in the autonomous region in 2005; in 2008, it was approved by experts chosen by the Department of Education in the Region.
As to its teaching staff team, in 2007, it came into the first 100 state-level teaching teams construction program, in the same year, its post-doctoral mobile stations were approved. In Shihezi University, under this discipline, there are 40 staffs, 91% of whom own a doctoral degree. With 20 professors, 13 associate professors, 7 lecturers, 33 postgraduate supervisors and 12 doctoral supervisors, at present, the educational level of the teaching team increases steadily, title structure is being optimized further, age structure becomes more reasonable, and learning edge structure improves a lot. We basically has built an all-round teaching team, which owns good political qualities, high level of business, active academic thinking, rigorous study style as well as cooperation spirit.
Based on the characteristics of oasis agriculture in arid areas in Xinjiang, which matches large-scale production as well as irrigation agriculture, 5 research directions with their own features are formed, respectively:
①the high-efficient and high-yield oasis crop cultivation theory and technology
②the digital agriculture and precise agriculture technology
③oasis agricultural ecological system
④breeding innovation and high-quality and high-yield breeding
⑤important functional gene research and utilization in plants
In recent five years, the discipline has got 80 items in science and technology projects, and gained 23 science and technology progress prizes at the provincial level, subsidies amounting to 54.476 million yuan. The participants in this discipline’s high-yield cotton cultivation project (finished) won a national second prize for scientific and technological progress(Group Award, Shihezi University ranked the third). Over 300 papers were published, among which 79 dissertations were embodied by SCI, 21 by EI; over 10 national invention patents were authorized, 3 new species examined and approved, 7academic monograph published.
With this first level discipline crop science remaining predominant, the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Oasis Ecological Agriculture Key Laboratory, a national key laboratory breeding base co-sponsored by province and ministry, which can offer a space of 3000 m2 ,together with more than 500 sets of instruments or equipment, the value of which reaches 40 million yuan, are all available for high-level scientific research. At present, this discipline has 135 postgraduates in school, more than 200 postgraduates or doctors have graduated. In recent five years, 3 papers were awarded excellent dissertation prize in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, and 5 outstanding master's theses. In 2012, a paper was nominated to be one national outstanding doctorate dissertation, thus making a significant breakthrough for the paper selection in Shihezi University. At the same time, to improve the quality of postgraduate education, this discipline adopts joint educating together with key universities both at home and abroad .
After many years of efforts, the mechanism of co-educating postgraduates together with foreign well-known colleges and universities as well as scientific research units have been built, andthe postgraduate innovation personnel training mode has been established. Every year, three excellentPhD studentsareselected to take part in joint training to organizations like Australian national university or CSIRO. A meaningful exploration in improving the graduate students’ innovation ability and overall quality has been done and remarkable achievements have been made. For many years, based on the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, aiming to serve Xinjiang, the state, even the arid zone in Central Asia, this discipline has not only cultivated a large number of advanced agricultural technology talents for the country, thus relieving the shortage of agricultural talents in the Corps and Xinjiang, but also made great contribution to the exploitation of virgin land, the maintenance of borderland stability and the prosperity of the local economy in Xinjiang.